.pkp_brand_footer {
    display: none;
}

.pkp_site_name {
    display : flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.pkp_site_name .is_text {
    padding-left: 2rem;
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .pkp_structure_page {
        margin-top: 2.143rem;
        margin-bottom: 2.143rem;
    }
}
.pkp_structure_page {
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 100%;
}
.pkp_footer_content {
    padding: 0px;
    text-align: left;
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .pkp_site_name_wrapper, .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper, .pkp_navigation_user, .pkp_search_mobile, .pkp_structure_content, .pkp_structure_footer {
        width: 100%;
    }
}














/* =========================================================
   IJRES FOOTER
   International Journal For Research In Educational Studies
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    background: #1F4D3A;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-family: "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.ijres-footer *,
.ijres-footer *::before,
.ijres-footer *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* =========================================================
   MAIN FOOTER
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-main {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 48px 30px 40px;
    background: #1F4D3A;
}

.ijres-footer-grid {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;

    display: grid;

    grid-template-columns:
        minmax(280px, 1.45fr)
        minmax(180px, 1fr)
        minmax(180px, 1fr)
        minmax(230px, 1.15fr);

    gap: 42px;

    align-items: start;
}


/* =========================================================
   FOOTER COLUMNS
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-column {
    min-width: 0;
}


/* =========================================================
   JOURNAL BRAND
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 12px;
    margin: 0 0 16px;
}

.ijres-footer-brand-icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;

    min-width: 44px;

    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10);

    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);

    border-radius: 8px;

    color: #ffffff;

    font-size: 18px;
}

.ijres-footer-journal-name {
    display: block;

    margin: 0;

    color: #ffffff;

    font-size: 17px;

    font-weight: 700;

    line-height: 1.4;
}


/* =========================================================
   DESCRIPTION
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-description {
    max-width: 390px;

    margin: 0 0 18px;

    color: #dcece6;

    font-size: 13px;

    font-weight: 400;

    line-height: 1.8;
}


/* =========================================================
   OPEN ACCESS BADGE
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-open-access {
    display: inline-flex;

    align-items: center;

    gap: 8px;

    padding: 7px 11px;

    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);

    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);

    border-radius: 5px;

    color: #dcece6;

    font-size: 11px;

    line-height: 1.4;
}

.ijres-footer-open-access i {
    font-size: 12px;
}


/* =========================================================
   FOOTER HEADINGS
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-heading {
    margin: 0 0 17px;

    padding: 0 0 10px;

    color: #ffffff;

    font-family: "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;

    font-size: 15px;

    font-weight: 700;

    line-height: 1.4;

    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}


/* =========================================================
   FOOTER LINKS
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-links {
    list-style: none;

    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.ijres-footer-links li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.ijres-footer-links li + li {
    margin-top: 9px;
}

.ijres-footer-links a {
    display: inline-block;

    position: relative;

    color: #dcece6;

    text-decoration: none;

    font-size: 13px;

    font-weight: 400;

    line-height: 1.7;

    transition:
        color 0.2s ease,
        transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ijres-footer-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;

    transform: translateX(4px);
}


/* Small arrow before footer links */

.ijres-footer-links a::before {
    content: "›";

    display: inline-block;

    margin-right: 7px;

    color: #b9d8cb;

    font-size: 15px;

    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ijres-footer-links a:hover::before {
    transform: translateX(2px);
}


/* =========================================================
   CONTACT
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-contact {
    display: flex;

    flex-direction: column;

    gap: 13px;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;
}

.ijres-footer-contact-item {
    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    gap: 10px;

    min-width: 0;

    color: #dcece6;

    text-decoration: none;

    font-size: 13px;

    line-height: 1.6;

    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.ijres-footer-contact-item:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.ijres-footer-contact-item > span:last-child {
    min-width: 0;

    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.ijres-footer-contact-icon {
    width: 31px;
    height: 31px;

    min-width: 31px;

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    justify-content: center;

    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.10);

    border-radius: 6px;

    color: #ffffff;

    font-size: 13px;

    transition:
        background 0.2s ease,
        transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ijres-footer-contact-item:hover
.ijres-footer-contact-icon {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);

    transform: translateY(-1px);
}


/* =========================================================
   BOTTOM BAR
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-bottom {
    width: 100%;

    background: #16392B;

    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
}

.ijres-footer-bottom-inner {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1200px;

    margin: 0 auto;

    padding: 16px 30px;

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    justify-content: space-between;

    gap: 20px;
}


/* =========================================================
   COPYRIGHT
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-copyright,
.ijres-footer-license {
    color: #d3e5df;

    font-size: 12px;

    font-weight: 400;

    line-height: 1.6;
}


/* =========================================================
   LICENSE LINK
   ========================================================= */

.ijres-footer-license {
    text-align: right;
}

.ijres-footer-license a {
    color: #ffffff;

    font-weight: 600;

    text-decoration: none;

    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.ijres-footer-license a:hover {
    opacity: 0.78;
}


/* =========================================================
   TABLET
   901px - 1200px
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 1200px) {

    .ijres-footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns:
            minmax(250px, 1.4fr)
            minmax(170px, 1fr)
            minmax(170px, 1fr);

        gap: 32px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-about {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }

}


/* =========================================================
   TABLET
   601px - 900px
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 900px) {

    .ijres-footer-main {
        padding: 40px 25px 35px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 1fr;

        gap: 35px 30px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-about {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }

    .ijres-footer-description {
        max-width: 600px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-bottom-inner {
        padding-left: 25px;
        padding-right: 25px;
    }

}


/* =========================================================
   MOBILE
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 600px) {

    .ijres-footer-main {
        padding: 35px 20px 30px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-grid {
        display: flex;

        flex-direction: column;

        gap: 30px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-column {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .ijres-footer-brand {
        margin-bottom: 14px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-journal-name {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-description {
        max-width: 100%;

        font-size: 12.5px;

        line-height: 1.75;
    }

    .ijres-footer-heading {
        margin-bottom: 14px;

        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-links a {
        font-size: 12.5px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-contact-item {
        font-size: 12.5px;
    }


    /* Bottom bar */

    .ijres-footer-bottom-inner {
        padding: 14px 20px;

        flex-direction: column;

        align-items: center;

        justify-content: center;

        gap: 5px;

        text-align: center;
    }

    .ijres-footer-copyright,
    .ijres-footer-license {
        text-align: center;
    }

}


/* =========================================================
   SMALL MOBILE
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 400px) {

    .ijres-footer-main {
        padding-left: 15px;
        padding-right: 15px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-grid {
        gap: 25px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-brand {
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-brand-icon {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;

        min-width: 40px;

        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-journal-name {
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-description {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-links a,
    .ijres-footer-contact-item {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-bottom-inner {
        padding-left: 15px;
        padding-right: 15px;
    }

}


/* =========================================================
   VERY SMALL DEVICES
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 320px) {

    .ijres-footer-brand {
        align-items: center;
    }

    .ijres-footer-journal-name {
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .ijres-footer-open-access {
        font-size: 10px;
    }

}






/* ============================================================
   IJRES — CURRENT ISSUE & ARTICLES
   International Journal For Research In Educational Studies
   Dynamic OJS Issue / Article Styling
   ============================================================ */


/* ============================================================
   ROOT CURRENT ISSUE
   ============================================================ */

.ijres-header ~ .page_index_journal .current_issue,
.page_index_journal .current_issue {

    width: 100%;

    max-width: 1180px;

    margin: 55px auto 70px;

    padding: 0 25px;

    color: #24352d;

    font-family:
        "Segoe UI",
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;
}


/* ============================================================
   CURRENT ISSUE HEADING
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .current_issue > h2 {

    position: relative;

    margin: 0 0 14px;

    padding: 0 0 15px;

    color: #1F4D3A !important;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 25px;

    font-weight: 700;

    line-height: 1.25;

    text-align: left;

    border: 0 !important;
}


/* Decorative green line */

.page_index_journal .current_issue > h2::after {

    content: "";

    display: block;

    width: 48px;

    height: 3px;

    margin-top: 12px;

    background: #1F4D3A;

    border-radius: 2px;
}


/* ============================================================
   ISSUE TITLE
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .current_issue_title {

    margin: 0 0 24px;

    padding: 17px 22px;

    color: #1F4D3A;

    background:
        linear-gradient(
            90deg,
            #f2f7f4 0%,
            #f8faf9 100%
        );

    border-left:
        4px solid #1F4D3A;

    border-radius:
        0 7px 7px 0;

    font-family:
        "Segoe UI",
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 15px;

    font-weight: 600;

    line-height: 1.55;

    box-shadow:
        0 2px 8px rgba(31, 77, 58, 0.05);
}


/* ============================================================
   ISSUE TABLE OF CONTENTS
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc {

    width: 100%;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

    background: transparent;
}


/* ============================================================
   ISSUE HEADING AREA
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc > .heading {

    margin: 0 0 24px;

    padding: 0;

    background: transparent;
}


/* ============================================================
   PUBLISHED DATE
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .published {

    display: inline-flex;

    align-items: center;

    gap: 7px;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 7px 13px;

    color: #52675d;

    background: #f7faf8;

    border:
        1px solid #e1e9e4;

    border-radius: 20px;

    font-size: 12px;

    line-height: 1.4;
}


.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .published .label {

    color: #1F4D3A;

    font-weight: 700;
}


.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .published .value {

    color: #5f7068;

    font-weight: 500;
}


/* ============================================================
   SECTIONS WRAPPER
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .sections {

    width: 100%;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;
}


/* ============================================================
   SECTION
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .section {

    width: 100%;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;
}


/* ============================================================
   SECTION TITLE — ARTICLES
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 {

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    gap: 12px;

    margin: 0 0 18px;

    padding: 0 0 12px;

    color: #1F4D3A !important;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 21px;

    font-weight: 700;

    line-height: 1.3;

    border-bottom:
        1px solid #dfe8e3 !important;
}


/* Small section indicator */

.page_index_journal .obj_issue_toc .section > h3::before {

    content: "";

    display: inline-block;

    width: 6px;

    height: 22px;

    background: #1F4D3A;

    border-radius: 3px;
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE LIST
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
ul.cmp_article_list.articles {

    display: flex;

    flex-direction: column;

    gap: 13px;

    width: 100%;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

    list-style: none !important;
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE LIST ITEM
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
ul.cmp_article_list.articles > li {

    display: block;

    width: 100%;

    margin: 0 !important;

    padding: 0 !important;

    list-style: none !important;

    background: transparent;
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE CARD
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary {

    position: relative;

    width: 100%;

    margin: 0;

    padding:
        21px
        22px
        19px;

    background: #ffffff;

    border:
        1px solid #e2e9e5;

    border-radius: 9px;

    box-shadow:
        0 2px 8px rgba(31, 77, 58, 0.045);

    transition:
        transform 0.22s ease,
        box-shadow 0.22s ease,
        border-color 0.22s ease;
}


/* Left green accent */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary::before {

    content: "";

    position: absolute;

    top: 18px;

    bottom: 18px;

    left: 0;

    width: 3px;

    background: #1F4D3A;

    border-radius:
        0 3px 3px 0;

    opacity: 0.85;
}


/* Hover */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary:hover {

    transform:
        translateY(-2px);

    border-color:
        #c8d8d0;

    box-shadow:
        0 7px 20px rgba(31, 77, 58, 0.10);
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE TITLE
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.title {

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

    color: #1F4D3A;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 17px;

    font-weight: 700;

    line-height: 1.48;

    border: 0 !important;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.title a {

    display: block;

    color: #1F4D3A !important;

    text-decoration: none !important;

    transition:
        color 0.2s ease;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.title a:hover {

    color: #16392B !important;

    text-decoration: none !important;
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE SUBTITLE
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.subtitle {

    display: block;

    margin-top: 5px;

    color: #697970;

    font-size: 13px;

    font-weight: 400;

    line-height: 1.5;
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE META
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.meta {

    position: relative;

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    justify-content: space-between;

    gap: 20px;

    margin-top: 13px;

    padding-top: 12px;

    border-top:
        1px solid #edf1ef;

    color: #66766e;

    font-size: 12px;

    line-height: 1.5;
}


/* ============================================================
   AUTHORS
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.authors {

    min-width: 0;

    padding-right: 15px;

    color: #586a61;

    font-size: 12px;

    font-weight: 500;

    line-height: 1.5;
}


/* Add author icon */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.authors::before {

    content: "✦";

    display: inline-block;

    margin-right: 7px;

    color: #6E9B8B;

    font-size: 9px;

    vertical-align: middle;
}


/* ============================================================
   PAGE NUMBERS
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.pages {

    flex-shrink: 0;

    padding:
        5px 10px;

    color: #1F4D3A;

    background: #f2f7f4;

    border:
        1px solid #dfe9e4;

    border-radius: 5px;

    font-size: 11px;

    font-weight: 700;

    white-space: nowrap;
}


/* ============================================================
   GALLEY / PDF AREA
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.galleys_links {

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    flex-wrap: wrap;

    gap: 8px;

    margin: 15px 0 0;

    padding: 0;

    list-style: none !important;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.galleys_links li {

    margin: 0 !important;

    padding: 0 !important;

    list-style: none !important;
}


/* ============================================================
   PDF BUTTON
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.obj_galley_link {

    display: inline-flex;

    align-items: center;

    justify-content: center;

    min-width: 58px;

    min-height: 30px;

    padding:
        0 13px;

    color: #ffffff !important;

    background: #1F4D3A !important;

    border:
        1px solid #1F4D3A !important;

    border-radius: 5px;

    text-decoration: none !important;

    font-family:
        "Segoe UI",
        Arial,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 10px;

    font-weight: 700;

    letter-spacing: 0.4px;

    text-transform: uppercase;

    transition:
        background 0.2s ease,
        border-color 0.2s ease,
        transform 0.2s ease,
        box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.obj_galley_link:hover {

    color: #ffffff !important;

    background: #16392B !important;

    border-color: #16392B !important;

    transform:
        translateY(-1px);

    box-shadow:
        0 4px 10px rgba(31, 77, 58, 0.18);
}


/* ============================================================
   PDF ICON
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.obj_galley_link.pdf::before {

    content: "PDF";

    margin-right: 5px;

    font-size: 9px;

    font-weight: 800;
}


/* Prevent duplicate PDF text if pseudo is used */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.obj_galley_link.pdf {

    font-size: 0;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.obj_galley_link.pdf::before {

    font-size: 9px;
}


/* ============================================================
   VIEW ALL ISSUES
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.current_issue
.read_more {

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    justify-content: center;

    width: fit-content;

    min-height: 42px;

    margin:
        28px auto 0;

    padding:
        0 22px;

    color: #1F4D3A !important;

    background: #ffffff;

    border:
        1px solid #1F4D3A;

    border-radius: 6px;

    text-decoration: none !important;

    font-size: 12px;

    font-weight: 700;

    transition:
        color 0.2s ease,
        background 0.2s ease,
        box-shadow 0.2s ease,
        transform 0.2s ease;
}


.page_index_journal
.current_issue
.read_more:hover {

    color: #ffffff !important;

    background: #1F4D3A;

    box-shadow:
        0 5px 14px rgba(31, 77, 58, 0.16);

    transform:
        translateY(-1px);
}


/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE COVER
   Future-proof if article cover images are added
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.cover {

    margin-bottom: 15px;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
.cover img {

    display: block;

    max-width: 100%;

    height: auto;

    border-radius: 6px;
}


/* ============================================================
   ISSUE COVER
   Future-proof if current issue gets a cover
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.heading
.cover {

    float: left;

    width: 150px;

    margin:
        0 25px 20px 0;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.heading
.cover img {

    display: block;

    width: 100%;

    height: auto;

    border-radius: 7px;

    border:
        1px solid #dfe7e2;

    box-shadow:
        0 4px 12px rgba(31, 77, 58, 0.08);
}


/* ============================================================
   ISSUE DESCRIPTION
   Future-proof
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.heading
.description {

    margin:
        0 0 20px;

    color: #5f7068;

    font-size: 13px;

    line-height: 1.7;
}


/* ============================================================
   CLEAR FLOATS
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.heading::after {

    content: "";

    display: table;

    clear: both;
}


/* ============================================================
   TABLET
   769px – 1024px
   ============================================================ */

@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue {

        margin:
            45px auto 60px;

        padding:
            0 22px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue > h2 {

        font-size: 27px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue_title {

        font-size: 14px;

        padding:
            15px 19px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary {

        padding:
            19px 20px 18px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .title {

        font-size: 16px;
    }

}


/* ============================================================
   MOBILE
   <= 768px
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue {

        width: 100%;

        margin:
            38px auto 50px;

        padding:
            0 16px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Heading
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue > h2 {

        margin-bottom: 12px;

        padding-bottom: 12px;

        font-size: 25px;

        line-height: 1.25;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue > h2::after {

        width: 40px;

        height: 3px;

        margin-top: 10px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Issue title
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue_title {

        margin-bottom: 19px;

        padding:
            14px 15px;

        font-size: 13px;

        line-height: 1.55;

        border-left-width: 3px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Published
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .published {

        font-size: 11px;

        padding:
            6px 11px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Section
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .section > h3 {

        margin-bottom: 13px;

        padding-bottom: 10px;

        font-size: 19px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .section > h3::before {

        width: 5px;

        height: 19px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Article spacing
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    ul.cmp_article_list.articles {

        gap: 10px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Article card
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary {

        padding:
            17px
            17px
            16px;

        border-radius: 7px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary::before {

        top: 15px;

        bottom: 15px;

        width: 3px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Article title
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .title {

        font-size: 15px;

        line-height: 1.48;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Meta
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .meta {

        display: flex;

        flex-direction: column;

        align-items: flex-start;

        justify-content: flex-start;

        gap: 9px;

        margin-top: 11px;

        padding-top: 10px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .authors {

        width: 100%;

        padding-right: 0;

        font-size: 11px;

        line-height: 1.5;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .pages {

        font-size: 10px;

        padding:
            4px 8px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       PDF
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .galleys_links {

        margin-top: 12px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .obj_galley_link {

        min-height: 29px;

        padding:
            0 12px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       Issue cover
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .heading
    .cover {

        float: none;

        width: 130px;

        margin:
            0 auto 18px;
    }


    /* --------------------------------------------------------
       View all issues
       -------------------------------------------------------- */

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue
    .read_more {

        width: 100%;

        min-height: 42px;

        margin-top: 23px;
    }

}


/* ============================================================
   SMALL MOBILE
   <= 480px
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 480px) {

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue {

        margin:
            32px auto 42px;

        padding:
            0 12px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue > h2 {

        font-size: 22px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue_title {

        padding:
            13px 13px;

        font-size: 12px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary {

        padding:
            15px
            15px
            14px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .title {

        font-size: 14px;

        line-height: 1.5;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .authors {

        font-size: 10.5px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .pages {

        font-size: 9.5px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .obj_galley_link {

        min-height: 28px;

        padding:
            0 10px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .section > h3 {

        font-size: 18px;
    }

}


/* ============================================================
   VERY SMALL DEVICES
   <= 360px
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 360px) {

    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue {

        padding:
            0 10px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue > h2 {

        font-size: 20px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .current_issue_title {

        font-size: 11.5px;

        line-height: 1.5;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary {

        padding:
            14px
            13px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .title {

        font-size: 13.5px;
    }


    .page_index_journal
    .obj_issue_toc
    .obj_article_summary
    .authors {

        font-size: 10px;
    }

}


/* ============================================================
   ACCESSIBILITY
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
.obj_article_summary
a:focus-visible {

    outline:
        2px solid #6E9B8B !important;

    outline-offset:
        2px;
}


/* ============================================================
   OJS DEFAULT OVERRIDE
   Keep dynamic article list clean
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
ul.cmp_article_list,
.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
ul.articles {

    list-style: none !important;

    margin-left: 0 !important;

    padding-left: 0 !important;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
ul.cmp_article_list > li {

    list-style: none !important;
}


/* ============================================================
   FINAL LINK CLEANUP
   ============================================================ */

.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
a {

    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}


.page_index_journal
.obj_issue_toc
a:hover {

    text-decoration: none;
}






/* =========================================================
   IJRES HERO SECTION
   International Journal for Research in Educational Studies
   ========================================================= */


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   MAIN HERO
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero {
    position: relative;

    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;

    min-height: 0;

    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;

    overflow: hidden;

    box-sizing: border-box;

    background: #f7f8f3;

    color: #07503d;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;
}


/* Make sure every element uses border-box */

.ijres-hero *,
.ijres-hero *::before,
.ijres-hero *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   DECORATIVE BACKGROUND SHAPES
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-decoration {
    position: absolute;

    pointer-events: none;

    z-index: 0;
}


/* Top-left circle */

.ijres-hero-decoration-top {
    width: 330px;
    height: 330px;

    top: -205px;
    left: -115px;

    border-radius: 50%;

    background: #a3bdae;
}


/* Bottom-left shape */

.ijres-hero-decoration-bottom {
    width: 260px;
    height: 150px;

    left: -110px;
    bottom: -105px;

    border-radius: 50%;

    background: #dfe8e1;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   HERO INNER CONTAINER
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-container {

    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 50px 0px 42px;
    display: grid;
    /*
       The cover receives a fixed controlled area.
       The content receives all remaining space.
    */
    grid-template-columns: 210px minmax(0, 1fr);

    align-items: center;

    column-gap: 45px;

    min-width: 0;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   COVER AREA
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-cover {

    position: relative;

    width: 210px;

    min-width: 0;

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    justify-content: center;
}


/* Small decorative vertical line behind cover */

.ijres-cover-decoration {

    position: absolute;

    width: 125px;
    height: 225px;

    left: 3px;
    top: 25px;

    border-left: 1px solid rgba(7, 80, 61, 0.25);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(7, 80, 61, 0.15);

    pointer-events: none;
}


/* Cover image */

.ijres-hero-cover img {

    position: relative;

    z-index: 2;

    display: block;

    width: 175px;
    height: 240px;

    max-width: 100%;

    object-fit: cover;

    border-radius: 2px;

    box-shadow:
        7px 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18),
        1px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   HERO CONTENT
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-content {

    min-width: 0;

    width: 100%;

    padding: 0;

    overflow: hidden;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   OVERLINE
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-overline {

    margin: 0 0 7px;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 11px;

    font-weight: 600;

    letter-spacing: 3.5px;

    line-height: 1.5;

    color: #176653;

    white-space: normal;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   TITLE
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-content h1 {

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

    max-width: 100%;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 30px;

    font-weight: 700;

    line-height: 0.98;

    letter-spacing: -1px;

    color: #07503d;

    word-break: normal;

    overflow-wrap: normal;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   TITLE LINE
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-line {

    width: 48px;
    height: 4px;

    margin: 16px 0 14px;

    border-radius: 5px;

    background: #4d9079;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   DESCRIPTION
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-description {

    width: 100%;
    max-width: 590px;

    margin: 0;

    padding: 0;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 14px;

    line-height: 1.55;

    color: #52635c;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   INFORMATION ROW
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-hero-information {

    width: 100%;

    max-width: 100%;

    margin-top: 24px;

    display: grid;

    /*
       IMPORTANT:
       Using equal flexible columns prevents the last items
       from being pushed outside the OJS content area.
    */
    grid-template-columns:
        repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));

    min-width: 0;

    border: 0;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   INFORMATION ITEM
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-info-item {

    min-width: 0;

    min-height: 50px;

    padding: 0 13px;

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;

    gap: 8px;

    border-right: 1px solid #bfd0c7;

    overflow: hidden;
}


/* First item */

.ijres-info-item:first-child {
    padding-left: 0;
}


/* Last item */

.ijres-info-item:last-child {

    padding-right: 0;

    border-right: none;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   INFORMATION ICON
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-info-icon {

    flex: 0 0 31px;

    width: 31px;
    height: 31px;

    display: flex;

    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    border-radius: 50%;

    background: #d4e7dd;

    color: #07503d;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 14px;

    line-height: 1;
}


/* Font Awesome */

.ijres-info-icon i {

    display: block;

    line-height: 1;

    font-size: 14px;
}


/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   INFORMATION TEXT
   --------------------------------------------------------- */

.ijres-info-content {

    min-width: 0;

    display: flex;

    flex-direction: column;

    gap: 3px;

    overflow: hidden;
}


/* Label */

.ijres-info-label {

    display: block;

    width: 100%;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 9px;

    font-weight: 500;

    line-height: 1.2;

    color: #5c6964;

    white-space: normal;

    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}


/* Value */

.ijres-info-value {

    display: block;

    max-width: 100%;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 12px;

    font-weight: 600;

    line-height: 1.2;

    color: #07503d;

    white-space: normal;

    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}


/* Website */

.ijres-info-link {

    color: #07503d;

    text-decoration: underline;

    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;

    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}


.ijres-info-link:hover {

    color: #2c755f;
}


/* =========================================================
   OJS CONTENT WIDTH PROTECTION
   ========================================================= */

/*
   OJS often places the homepage inside a main-content column
   beside a sidebar.

   These rules prevent the hero from creating horizontal
   overflow inside that layout.
*/

.ijres-hero,
.ijres-hero-container,
.ijres-hero-content,
.ijres-hero-information {

    min-width: 0;

    max-width: 100%;
}


/* =========================================================
   TABLET
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 1100px) {

    .ijres-hero-container {

        padding: 42px 30px 36px;

        grid-template-columns: 185px minmax(0, 1fr);

        column-gap: 32px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-cover {

        width: 185px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-cover img {

        width: 155px;
        height: 220px;
    }


    .ijres-cover-decoration {

        width: 105px;
        height: 205px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-content h1 {

        font-size: 40px;

        line-height: 1;
    }


    .ijres-hero-description {

        font-size: 13px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-information {

        grid-template-columns:
            repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));

        margin-top: 20px;
    }


    .ijres-info-item {

        padding: 0 8px;

        gap: 6px;
    }


    .ijres-info-icon {

        flex-basis: 28px;

        width: 28px;
        height: 28px;

        font-size: 12px;
    }


    .ijres-info-icon i {

        font-size: 12px;
    }


    .ijres-info-label {

        font-size: 8px;
    }


    .ijres-info-value {

        font-size: 10px;
    }
}


/* =========================================================
   SMALL TABLET
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 850px) {

    .ijres-hero-container {

        grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);

        column-gap: 25px;

        padding: 38px 25px 32px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-cover {

        width: 160px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-cover img {

        width: 140px;
        height: 200px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-content h1 {

        font-size: 35px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-overline {

        font-size: 9px;

        letter-spacing: 2.5px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-information {

        grid-template-columns:
            repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));

        row-gap: 12px;
    }


    .ijres-info-item {

        border-right: 1px solid #bfd0c7;
    }


    .ijres-info-item:nth-child(3) {

        border-right: none;
    }


    .ijres-info-item:nth-child(4) {

        padding-left: 0;
    }
}


/* =========================================================
   MOBILE
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 650px) {

    .ijres-hero {

        width: 100%;

        overflow: hidden;
    }


    .ijres-hero-container {

        width: 100%;

        display: flex;

        flex-direction: column;

        align-items: center;

        gap: 25px;

        padding: 45px 22px 38px;

        text-align: center;
    }


    /* Cover */

    .ijres-hero-cover {

        width: auto;

        flex: none;
    }


    .ijres-cover-decoration {

        display: none;
    }


    .ijres-hero-cover img {

        width: 160px;
        height: 220px;
    }


    /* Content */

    .ijres-hero-content {

        width: 100%;

        overflow: visible;
    }


    .ijres-hero-overline {

        margin-bottom: 8px;

        font-size: 9px;

        letter-spacing: 2.5px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-content h1 {

        font-size: 34px;

        line-height: 1.02;

        letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-line {

        margin: 15px auto 14px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-description {

        max-width: 600px;

        margin: 0 auto;

        font-size: 13px;

        line-height: 1.55;
    }


    /* Information */

    .ijres-hero-information {

        width: 100%;

        margin-top: 23px;

        display: grid;

        grid-template-columns:
            repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));

        gap: 10px;

        text-align: left;
    }


    .ijres-info-item {

        width: 100%;

        min-height: 50px;

        padding: 8px 10px !important;

        border: 1px solid #d3dfd8;

        border-radius: 8px;

        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);

        overflow: hidden;
    }


    .ijres-info-icon {

        flex: 0 0 28px;

        width: 28px;
        height: 28px;
    }


    .ijres-info-label {

        font-size: 8px;
    }


    .ijres-info-value {

        font-size: 10px;
    }
}


/* =========================================================
   SMALL MOBILE
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 430px) {

    .ijres-hero-container {

        padding: 38px 15px 32px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-cover img {

        width: 145px;
        height: 200px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-content h1 {

        font-size: 29px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-overline {

        font-size: 8px;

        letter-spacing: 2px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-description {

        font-size: 12px;
    }


    .ijres-hero-information {

        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }


    .ijres-info-item {

        min-height: 48px;
    }
}


/* =========================================================
   EXTRA OJS SAFETY
   ========================================================= */

/*
   Prevent the OJS homepage/article wrappers from forcing
   the hero wider than its available column.
*/

.ijres-hero img {

    max-width: 100%;
}


.ijres-hero a {

    max-width: 100%;
}


.ijres-hero p,
.ijres-hero h1 {

    overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
/* @media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .pkp_structure_main {
        width: 100%;
    }
} */



/* =========================================================
   IJRES CONTACT PAGE
   ========================================================= */

.page_contact {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 35px 25px 60px;
    color: #344f47;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* Breadcrumb */

.page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs ol {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;

    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;

    list-style: none;
}

.page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs li {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #71827c;
}

.page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs a {
    color: #176653;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover {
    color: #07503d;
}

.page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs .separator {
    margin-left: 8px;
    color: #aabbb4;
}


/* Page heading */

.page_contact > h1 {
    margin: 0 0 30px;

    padding-bottom: 14px;

    border-bottom: 3px solid #d4e7dd;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 38px;
    font-weight: 700;

    color: #07503d;
}


/* Main contact section */

.page_contact .contact_section {
    display: grid;

    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;

    gap: 22px;

    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* Address */

.page_contact .contact_section > .address {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;

    padding: 22px 25px;

    border-left: 4px solid #4d9079;
    border-radius: 8px;

    background: #f3f7f4;

    color: #52635c;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 15px;

    line-height: 1.7;

    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* Contact cards */

.page_contact .contact {
    padding: 25px;

    border: 1px solid #d7e3dd;

    border-radius: 10px;

    background: #ffffff;

    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(7, 80, 61, 0.06);

    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* Contact heading */

.page_contact .contact h3 {
    margin: 0 0 18px;

    padding-bottom: 10px;

    border-bottom: 1px solid #dce8e2;

    font-family:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    font-size: 22px;

    font-weight: 700;

    color: #07503d;
}


/* Name */

.page_contact .contact .name {
    margin-bottom: 9px;

    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 16px;

    font-weight: 600;

    color: #344f47;
}


/* Email */

.page_contact .contact .email {
    font-family:
        Arial,
        Helvetica,
        sans-serif;

    font-size: 14px;

    line-height: 1.5;
}

.page_contact .contact .email a {
    color: #176653;

    text-decoration: none;

    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.page_contact .contact .email a:hover {
    color: #07503d;

    text-decoration: underline;
}


/* Different subtle styling for support */

.page_contact .contact.support {
    background: #fbfcfa;
}


/* OJS Edit link */

.page_contact .cmp_edit_link {
    display: inline-block;

    margin-bottom: 20px;

    color: #176653;

    font-size: 13px;

    text-decoration: none;
}

.page_contact .cmp_edit_link:hover {
    color: #07503d;
}


/* =========================================================
   TABLET
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

    .page_contact {
        padding: 30px 20px 45px;
    }

    .page_contact > h1 {
        font-size: 32px;
        margin-bottom: 25px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact_section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 18px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact_section > .address {
        grid-column: auto;
    }

    .page_contact .contact {
        padding: 22px;
    }
}


/* =========================================================
   MOBILE
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 480px) {

    .page_contact {
        padding: 25px 15px 40px;
    }

    .page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs {
        margin-bottom: 18px;
    }

    .page_contact .cmp_breadcrumbs li {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .page_contact > h1 {
        font-size: 28px;
        margin-bottom: 22px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact_section {
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact_section > .address {
        padding: 18px;

        font-size: 14px;
        line-height: 1.6;
    }

    .page_contact .contact {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact h3 {
        font-size: 20px;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact .name {
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .page_contact .contact .email {
        font-size: 13px;
    }
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .page_contact .contact {
        float: left;
        width: 100%;
    }
}


/* content-layout */
/* Container Layout - Switched to Flexbox for better control */

.pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar {

    display: flex;

    flex-wrap: wrap;

    max-width: 1200px;

    margin: 0 auto;

    width: 100%;

    box-sizing: border-box;

}
 
/* Main Content Area */

.pkp_structure_main {

    flex: 1 1 0; /* Grows to fill space on desktop */

    min-width: 300px;

    width: auto;

    float: none !important; /* Remove old float layout */

    padding: 0 0 6.429rem !important; /* Removed side padding to allow full-width home section */

    box-sizing: border-box;

}
 
/* Sidebar Area */

.pkp_structure_sidebar {

    flex: 0 0 300px; /* Fixed width on desktop */

    width: 300px;

    float: none !important;

    box-sizing: border-box;

}
 
/* Home Section Full Width Fixes */

.page_index_journal,

.additional_content,

.ijres-hero,

.ijres-hero-container,

.current_issue,

.current_issue_title,

.obj_issue_toc,

.heading,

.sections,

.section,

.cmp_article_list,

.obj_article_summary {

    width: 100% !important;

    max-width: 100% !important;

    box-sizing: border-box;

    margin-left: 0 !important;

    margin-right: 0 !important;

}
 
/* Hero Section Inner Elements */

.ijres-hero-content, 

.ijres-hero-overline, 

.ijres-hero-description, 

.ijres-hero-information {

    width: auto !important;

    max-width: 100% !important;

}
 
/* Responsive Stack for Mobile/Tablets */

@media (max-width: 991px) {

    .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar {

        flex-direction: column;

    }
 
    .pkp_structure_main, 

    .pkp_structure_sidebar {

        flex: 1 1 100% !important;

        width: 100% !important;

        max-width: 100% !important;

        padding-left: 15px !important;

        padding-right: 15px !important;

    }

}